ABOUT TESTING
The material was tested in various leading laboratories in Russia, the USA and China. In total, we have carried out more than 50 chemical analyzes, both randomly and to verify the stages of technology
Not all methods, equipment and qualifications measure the chemical purity of copper in the same way. This is especially true for purity 5N and higher for elements from GOST 859 and ASTM B170. Some methods and laboratories cannot measure certain elements or verify certain elements exactly as they are. The analysis of Our Copper requires methods appropriate to this level of purity, very good preparation of equipment, very high quality and ultra-pure materials (chemicals, cutters and other working tools) to prepare the sample for analysis and the highest level of skill.
Testing was carried out by methods:
Testing was carried out by methods:
- Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS)
- Spark Source Mass Spectrometry (SSMS)
- Mass Spectrometry with Laser Ion Source (LMS)
- Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
- Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
Our technology allows you to control the process and predict the chemical composition with high accuracy. Moreover, based on the LMS result of our product (this basic method has good but insufficient detection limits for our quality), we can say what the result of another more sensitive method and equipment should be in a qualified measurement. If the limits of detection of a method allow the desired level to be measured and the result is unacceptably different from what is expected, we can assert and are confident that the measurement is incorrect, which has been confirmed and is not automatically true for another product. Even leading national laboratories cannot accurately measure our quality: special capabilities and preparation for analysis are required.
The quality of our product is confirmed by physical characteristics independent of chemical analysis methods. See "Characteristics" section.
Comments on methods of analysis
LMS, MS and AES methods (Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS) always, with some exceptions for Fe and Ag, all impurities are not detected by the measurement limits of methods and devices, including ALL metals and metalloids not included in GOST 859-2001 (measurement limits < 0.001 - <0.2 ppm depending on element and method.
GDMS and SSMS methods have deeper measurement limits for many impurities from GOST and ASTM, but still insufficient to measure our quality. The methods cannot measure oxygen, have difficulty measuring sulfur, and also sometimes not accurately measure some other impurities in relation to how they actually are. Some elements are difficult to accurately measure with the GDMS method, at least in its standard version. They are more correctly tested by the SSMS method, but it also has its own specifics.
Oxygen is defined as "not more 2 ppm" by the LMS (Limit of detection <1-<3 ppm) is the only test method capable of measuring oxygen. The oxygen content can still be < 0.1 ppm or less, or it can be produced - technology allows this to be achieved, equipment capable of such measurement is needed.
LMS, MS and AES methods (Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS) always, with some exceptions for Fe and Ag, all impurities are not detected by the measurement limits of methods and devices, including ALL metals and metalloids not included in GOST 859-2001 (measurement limits < 0.001 - <0.2 ppm depending on element and method.
GDMS and SSMS methods have deeper measurement limits for many impurities from GOST and ASTM, but still insufficient to measure our quality. The methods cannot measure oxygen, have difficulty measuring sulfur, and also sometimes not accurately measure some other impurities in relation to how they actually are. Some elements are difficult to accurately measure with the GDMS method, at least in its standard version. They are more correctly tested by the SSMS method, but it also has its own specifics.
Oxygen is defined as "not more 2 ppm" by the LMS (Limit of detection <1-<3 ppm) is the only test method capable of measuring oxygen. The oxygen content can still be < 0.1 ppm or less, or it can be produced - technology allows this to be achieved, equipment capable of such measurement is needed.
TEST EXAMPLE
EXTRA quality sample
We tested a sample close to the median of the produced EXTRA quality product and received the result Certificate T10-28. The testing method is the GDMS method. Place of testing - China, National Center for Analysis and Testing of Non-Ferrous Metals and Electronic Materials. Previously, the sample was checked by the LMS method.
The result is good, but some elements are not measured as well as they really are. The laboratory conducted testing three times at our request: twice corrected the errors / inaccuracies that we indicated, but we drew their attention only to the largest deviations from the expected and their possible causes. Everything that was rechecked began to correspond to the expected. It was not possible to double-check everything, but they no longer significantly affected the overall result, but were of interest for the calibration of laboratories and methods
The lab doesn't know why it got so wrong...we guess why... Some elements are difficult to accurately measure with GDMS, at least in its standard form. At this depth of measurement limits, they are more correctly tested by the SSMS method, but it also has its own specifics.
The table below also shows that for different standards and specifications, depending on the list of controlled impurities, a different "number of chemical purity" is determined. The Acrotec Ltd specification is sometimes used as "Cu metal base, OF". The purity of copper itself does not change.
The result is good, but some elements are not measured as well as they really are. The laboratory conducted testing three times at our request: twice corrected the errors / inaccuracies that we indicated, but we drew their attention only to the largest deviations from the expected and their possible causes. Everything that was rechecked began to correspond to the expected. It was not possible to double-check everything, but they no longer significantly affected the overall result, but were of interest for the calibration of laboratories and methods
The lab doesn't know why it got so wrong...we guess why... Some elements are difficult to accurately measure with GDMS, at least in its standard form. At this depth of measurement limits, they are more correctly tested by the SSMS method, but it also has its own specifics.
The table below also shows that for different standards and specifications, depending on the list of controlled impurities, a different "number of chemical purity" is determined. The Acrotec Ltd specification is sometimes used as "Cu metal base, OF". The purity of copper itself does not change.
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CERTIFICATE # T10-28, GDMS
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Standard or TC
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Cu > :
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Cu+O > :
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Cu+O+S > :
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GOST 859-2001 (Rissia)
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99.99976% *
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99.99996%
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99.99997%
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ASTM B170 (USA)
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99.99975% *
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99.99995%
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99.99996%
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Metals (All)
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99.99994%
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-----
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Metals+metalloids (All)
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99.99990%
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-----
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According to Umicore Ltd :
P, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Pb, Sn, Sb, Bi + O, S |
99.99976%*
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99.99996%
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99.99997% * |
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According to Acrotec Ltd :
Al, Si, S, Fe, Ni, As, Se,Ag, Sb, Pb |
99.99992% * |
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According to :
Mg, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb |
99.99999% * |
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* Limits of detection are subtracted from 100 % as quantity of impurities. O is as < 2 ppm: LMS. Oxygen can be less.
* Purity is according to these (Umicore, Acrotec etc) specifications. The Acrotec specification is sometimes used as " Cu metels basis, OF" |
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SOME EXAMPLES
by analysis methods
by analysis methods
Certificate No. 3, No. 8: Laser Mass Spectrometry (LMS).
This basic method has good, but insufficient detection limits for our quality, but allows oxygen to be measured at least at a level of "no more than 2 ppm". All elements of the periodic table, with some exceptions for Fe and Ag, are not detected by this method.
Certificate No. T6-7, No. T7-17: Laser Mass Spectrometry (LMS), Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES). AES method also does not detect anything except sometimes Fe and Ag.
The elements P and Zn are not detectable by atomic emission spectral method with better limits <0.1 ppm.
Certificate No. T10-28: Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS).
Better measurement limits. Oxygen is not measured. The indicators are good, but Al, Si, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te are not measured well enough, which is typical for the standard method. In the description of the proposed quality, this is taken into account. For example, LMS for Si is always < 0.1 ppm or < 0.2 ppm as Limits of Detection. The SSMS method for these elements is typically < 0.02 ppm.
This basic method has good, but insufficient detection limits for our quality, but allows oxygen to be measured at least at a level of "no more than 2 ppm". All elements of the periodic table, with some exceptions for Fe and Ag, are not detected by this method.
Certificate No. T6-7, No. T7-17: Laser Mass Spectrometry (LMS), Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES). AES method also does not detect anything except sometimes Fe and Ag.
The elements P and Zn are not detectable by atomic emission spectral method with better limits <0.1 ppm.
Certificate No. T10-28: Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS).
Better measurement limits. Oxygen is not measured. The indicators are good, but Al, Si, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te are not measured well enough, which is typical for the standard method. In the description of the proposed quality, this is taken into account. For example, LMS for Si is always < 0.1 ppm or < 0.2 ppm as Limits of Detection. The SSMS method for these elements is typically < 0.02 ppm.
Certificate # 3 , # 8
LMS Method
LMS Method
Certificate # T6-7, # T7-17
LMS, AES methods
LMS, AES methods
Certificate # T10-28
GDMS Method
GDMS Method
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